Carbon-A: Discovering Genes Across the Tree of Life

Releasing 566M gene candidates for over 22k species

Preparing the assembly tree…

Explore the tree

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Hover to preview · Click to select · Click anywhere again to clear.
Scroll to zoom · Drag to pan · Space to start or stop.

From an assembly to its annotations

Homo sapiens

GCA_000001405.29 · chromosome 1, CM000663.2 · first 1,000,000 bases
Upper track: forward strand · lower track: reverse strand

Real coordinates from the published Carbon-A GFF3. These are model predictions, not experimentally confirmed genes. The blue/green tree colours describe annotation records for an assembly; they do not classify individual loci as known or new.

What is being drawn

Each of the 33,588 strands across 16,976 taxa is a distinct accession from the explorer’s covered-assembly table, mapped through the NCBI taxonomy. This is a subset of the release. No assemblies or taxonomic branches have been invented to fill out the release total.

The centre hand follows the highlighted strand. Hover over a strand or inside the centre to preview an assembly; click to keep it selected. Click anywhere again to clear the selection. Clicking icons and bars also selects an assembly without zooming; use the scroll wheel or zoom controls to zoom and Whole tree to return. For video capture, press Space to start or replay a four-second clockwise sweep. Space again stops at the current strand; Escape stops and clears it. The assembly info box follows the highlighted strand and remains on the final assembly when playback finishes. The sweep has no counters.

Equal-width assembly strands preserve count through shared ancestors. At overview scale many strands fall within a pixel; zoom reveals them separately. Radius and branch length are layout choices, not dates or evolutionary distances.

For example, the human branch contains 1,412 assemblies: 2 match the project’s RefSeq comparison corpus, while 4 have annotation-provider records in this GenBank snapshot. These small counts describe assembly records, not human genes. RefSeq annotations are maintained separately from GenBank submission annotations. NCBI’s explanation of human reference annotation.

The outer bars sum measured gene_count values from published per-assembly metadata. Bins contain consecutive assembly tips in taxonomy order. Grey base marks indicate the fraction of assemblies without counts; these are not treated as measured zeros. The radial scale is linear and recalculated for each bin size. Colours within the tree classify assemblies; the green outer bars count all predicted loci, regardless of prior annotation status.

Silhouettes are the original PhyloPic assets and taxon assignments used by the Genome Atlas. Click an icon to select a strand at that node.

Source explorer ↗ · NCBI metadata ↗

Genome Atlas silhouettes

Original PhyloPic silhouettes, reused with the atlas’s taxonomic assignments. Their fill colour is adapted to the selected theme; original SVG files are preserved in the source data. Each image’s source page and licence are linked below.

Get annotation data

Browse annotation files ↗

Install huggingface_hub and run hf auth login with an account that can access the bucket.

Hugging Face download documentation ↗